8/04/2013

Life Raft on Ships : A General Overview

Life rafts are provided as a life saving appliances on every sea going merchant or passenger vessel in addition to the lifeboats. Life rafts are much easier to launch as compare to life boats and in case of emergency situation, evacuation from the ship can be done without manually launching any of them as the life rafts are designed with auto inflatable system. SOLAS chapter III gives all the details for types and number of life raft to be carried as per the size and type of the ship.
Life rafts
Life rafts are normally located on muster station, on port and starboard side near the life boat, and fwd and aft of the ship. The location generally depends on size of the ship. Life rafts are stored in a fiberglass container, incorporated with a high pressure gas used for inflating life raft at the time of emergency. A Hydrostatic Release Unit (HRU) is connected to raft container and ship, which release the raft even after the ship sinks in water.
The particulars of the raft is stenciled on the container which includes the capacity, manufacturing date, servicing date, company name etc. along with the launching procedure with a photogenic display for easy understanding. The basic survival items are already stored in the raft which includes rations, pyrotechnics, life jackets etc.
Some ships carries a davit launching system which allows the crew to inflate and  board the raft on deck, avoiding the risk of going into the sea water.
Basic Construction Details of Life Rafts:
  • Life rafts normally come as partially or fully enclosed by a canopy to protect the crew members from rough weather and direct sun.
  • The canopy of the raft is in highly visible orange colour with reflective stripes.
  • The rubber tubing of the raft is generally of double layer type so that if one gets punctured, the other layer can keep the raft afloat.
  • The floor of the life raft is a water proof insulated so that any water collected inside the raft can be easily removed.
  • Pockets are also provided for carrying ballast water, which helps the raft to be stable at rough seas so as to avoid tipping over of the raft.
  • Anchors are also provided for better stability of the raft.
  • A boarding ramp or ladder is also fitted for easy boarding of crew members even at rough waters.
  • A bright illuminating light for easy location of the life raft. It is generally fitted at the top of canopy.
  • Outside lifelines and inside bracing ropes are present to hold the raft.
  • The raft consists of various ventilation, observation ports and rain water collection ports for drinking purpose.
SOLAS Requirement for Life Raft:
  • On every merchant vessel, annual servicing of life raft has to be done by a specialised shore body and cannot be opened by crew members onboard for inspection.
  • The life raft must be capable of withstanding more then 30 days of sea exposure.
  • A hydrostatic unit must be fitted for auto inflation of life raft when the ship sinks.
  • The container in which the raft is stored must be buoyant in nature.
  • It should be strong enough to withstand repeated jumps of crew member from a height of 15 ft.
  • A painter/rope line must be provided, whose length should not be less than 50 feet, to open the raft from remote position.
  • Highly visible canopy with sufficient headroom and rain water collecting arrangement should be there.
  • At least one observation port should be there and the entrance should be of quick closing/opening type.
  • Minimum two separate buoyant compartments along with ballast ports to carry at least 220 litres of ballast water should be there.
  • The floor must be waterproof and have minimum one boarding ladder.
  • Survival pack as per SOLAS along with manually operated lights needs to be provided.
  • The raft must be easy to right in case it has been toppled over by rough seas and lifelines must be present inside and outside of the raft.
  • As a worldwide marine service agent, Ijin Marine Limited provides ship voyage repair, lifesaving inspection, fire-fighting inspection, radio inspection, and underwater hull cleaning, in more than 3000 ports of 100 countries. Below is a list of world's seaports, arranged by oceans and seas. Ijin has attended many jobs in some of them as below. The lifesaving equipment includes life boat, life raft, which is annually inspected accordingly to class requirement. Fire fighting equipment includes fire extinguisher (dry powder, CO2, foam, etc, hand type or wheeled type), firemen outfitting and cylinder, air breathing apparatus, EEBD, etc. Communication inspection includes GMDSS, AIS, SSAS, EPIRB, SVDR, VHF radio, etc. Underwater service includes inspection, hull cleaning, repairing, plugging, etc. 
  • Atlantic Ocean
    List of ports and harbours of the Atlantic Ocean
    Abidjan, Ivory Coast
    Accra, Ghana
    A Coruña, Spain
    Port of Albany-Rensselaer, New York, United States
    Bahía Blanca, Argentina
    Coronel Rosales Partido, Argentina
    General Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
    Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo
    Barranquilla, Colombia
    Belém, Brazil
    Bergen, Norway
    Bodø, Norway
    Port of Boston, Massachusetts, United States
    Botwood, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
    Bridgetown, Barbados
    Brunswick, Georgia, United States
    Buenos Aires, Argentina
    Calabar, Nigeria
    Cabinda, Angola
    Cádiz, Spain
    Port Canaveral, Florida, United States
    Cape May, New Jersey, United States
    Cape Town, South Africa
    Port of Casablanca, Morocco
    Cayenne, French Guiana, France
    Charleston, South Carolina, United States
    Colón, Panama
    Cork, Ireland
    Dakar, Senegal
    Douala, Cameroon
    Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States
    Ferrol, Spain
    Freeport, Bahamas
    Freetown, Sierra Leone
    Fortaleza, Brazil
    Galway, Ireland
    Georgetown, Guyana
    Port of Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
    Port of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
    Hamilton, Bermuda
    Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States
    Harstad, Norway
    Huelva, Spain
    Jacksonville, Florida, United States
    Lagos, Nigeria
    Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
    Libreville, Gabon
    Lisbon, Portugal
    Lomé, Togo
    Luanda, Angola
    Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
    Melford, Nova Scotia, Canada (proposed)
    Port of Miami, Florida, United States
    Monrovia, Liberia
    Montevideo, Uruguay
    Nantes, France
    Narvik, Norway
    Nassau, Bahamas
    Port Newark, United States
    Port of New York and New Jersey, United States
    Paramaribo, Suriname
    Pecém, Brazil
    Port of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
    Port Everglades, Florida, United States
    Port Harcourt, Nigeria
    Portland, Maine, United States
    Porto, Portugal
    Porto Alegre, Brazil
    Quequén, Argentina
    Recife, Brazil
    Reykjavík, Iceland
    Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Salvador, Brazil
    San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
    Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
    Port of Santos near São Paulo, Brazil
    Port of Savannah, Georgia, United States
    St. Augustine, Florida, United States
    Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
    Sept-Îles, Quebec, Canada
    Setúbal, Portugal
    Sines, Portugal
    Stornoway, Scotland, United Kingdom
    Shannon/Foynes, Ireland
    St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
    Tangier, Morocco
    Tromsø, Norway
    Trondheim, Norway
    Port of Vigo, Spain
    Vitória, Brazil
    Walvis Bay, Namibia
    Wilmington, Delaware, United States
    Wilmington, North Carolina, United States
    Ålesund, Norway
    Paranaguá, Brazil
    São Francisco do Sul, Brazil
    Itajaí, Brazil
    Porto Velho, Brazil
    Santos, Brazil
    Itapoá, Brazil
    Adriatic Sea
    Ancona, Italy
    Port of Bar, Montenegro
    Bari, Italy
    Budva, Montenegro
    Port of Durrës, Albania
    Port of Koper, Slovenia
    Port of Pescara, Italy
    Port of Ploče, Croatia
    Port of Rijeka, Croatia
    Shën Gjin, Albania
    Port of Split, Croatia
    Port of Trieste, Italy
    Venice, Italy
    Port of Vlorë, Albania
    Ravenna, Italy
    Monfalcone, Italy
    Chioggia, Italy
    Porto Marghera, Italy
    Aegean Sea
    Alexandroupolis, Greece
    Bodrum, Turkey
    Chalcis, Greece
    Chios, Greece
    Eleusina, Greece
    Heraklion, Crete, Greece
    İzmir, Turkey
    Kavala, Greece
    Kuşadası, Turkey
    Laurium, Greece
    Mytilene, Greece
    Piraeus, Greece
    Rhodes, Greece
    Thessaloniki, Greece
    Volos, Greece
    Azov Sea
    Azov, Russia
    Berdiansk, Ukraine
    Mariupol, Ukraine
    Taganrog, Russia
    Yeysk, Russia
    Baltic Sea
    List of Ports of the Baltic Sea.
    Bay of Biscay
    Avilés, Spain
    Bayonne, France
    Burela, Spain
    Port of Bilbao, Spain
    Bordeaux, France
    Brest, France
    El Musel, Gijón, Spain
    Pasaia, Spain
    La Rochelle, France
    Les Sables-d'Olonne, France
    Santander, Spain
    Black Sea
    Batumi, Georgia
    Bilhorod, Ukraine
    Burgas, Bulgaria
    Illichivsk, Ukraine
    Mangalia, Romania
    Midia, Năvodari, Romania
    Novorossiysk, Russia
    Odessa, Ukraine
    Poti, Georgia
    Port of Constanţa, Romania
    Giurgiulesti International Free Port, Moldova
    Port of Erdemir, Turkey
    Port of Varna, Bulgaria
    Samsun, Turkey
    Sevastopol, Ukraine
    Sukhumi, Georgia
    Trabzon, Turkey
    Yuzhny, Ukraine
    Caribbean Sea
    Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, France
    Belize City, Belize
    Bridgetown, Barbados
    Port of Cabo Rojo, Dominican Republic
    Cartagena, Colombia
    Chetumal, Mexico
    Colón, Panama
    Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
    La Guaira, Venezuela
    Guanta, Venezuela
    Guantánamo, Cuba
    Kingston, Jamaica
    Limón, Costa Rica
    Maracaibo, Venezuela
    Oranjestad, Aruba, Netherlands
    Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
    Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States
    Port-au-Prince, Haiti
    Port Caucedo, Dominican Republic
    Port Rio Haina, Dominican Republic
    Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
    Puerto Barrios, Guatemala
    Puerto Cabello, Venezuela
    Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
    Puerto Castilla, Honduras
    Puerto Cortés, Honduras
    Roatán, Honduras
    Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
    Port of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
    Santo Tomás de Castilla, Guatemala
    Willemstad, Curaçao, Netherlands
    Chesapeake Bay
    Baltimore, United States
    Norfolk, Virginia, United States
    Salisbury, Maryland, United States
    English Channel
    Caen (Ouistreham), France
    Calais, France
    Cherbourg, France
    Dieppe, France
    Port of Dover, United Kingdom
    Le Havre, France
    Port of London, United Kingdom
    Dunkerque(Duinkerken), France
    Newhaven, United Kingdom
    Ostend, Belgium
    St. Peter Port, Guernsey, United Kingdom
    Portland Harbour, United Kingdom
    Portsmouth, United Kingdom
    Plymouth, United Kingdom
    Ramsgate, United Kingdom
    Saint-Malo, France
    Shoreham-by-Sea, United Kingdom
    Port of Southampton, United Kingdom
    Great Lakes
    Port of Montreal, Canada
    Buffalo, New York, United States
    Burns Harbor / Portage, Indiana, United States
    Port of Chicago, Illinois, United States
    Cleveland, Ohio, United States
    Detroit, Michigan, United States
    Duluth, Minnesota, United States
    Erie, Pennsylvania, United States
    Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
    Kingston, Ontario, Canada
    Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
    Port of Montreal, Canada
    Nanticoke, Ontario, Canada
    Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
    Port of Oswego Authority, New York, United States
    Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
    Two Harbors, Minnesota, United States
    Toledo, Ohio, United States
    Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
    Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, United States
    Irish Sea
    Barrow-in-Furness, England
    Belfast, Northern Ireland
    Cairnryan, Scotland
    Cardiff, Wales
    Douglas, Isle of Man
    Drogheda, Ireland
    Dublin, Ireland
    Dún Laoghaire, Ireland
    Dundalk, Ireland
    Ellesmere, England
    Fishguard, Wales
    Fleetwood, England
    Garston, England
    Glasgow, Scotland
    Heysham, England
    Holyhead, Wales
    Larne, Northern Ireland
    Liverpool, England
    Milford Haven, Wales
    Mostyn, Wales
    Pembroke Dock, Wales
    Rosslare Europort, Ireland
    Runcorn, England
    Stranraer, Scotland
    Swansea, Wales
    Sea of Marmara
    Istanbul, Turkey
    İzmit, Turkey
    Tekirdağ, Turkey
    Mediterranean Sea
    Adana, Turkey
    Alexandria, Egypt
    Algeciras, Spain
    Al Hoceima, Morocco
    Algiers, Algeria
    Almería, Spain
    Antalya, Turkey
    Port of Ashdod, Israel
    Barcelona, Spain
    Bardia, Libya
    Beirut, Lebanon
    Benghazi, Libya
    Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
    Cartagena, Spain
    Ceuta, Spain
    Chalcis, Greece
    Civitavecchia, Italy
    Corinth, Greece
    Datca, Turkey
    Fethiye, Turkey
    Genoa, Italy
    Gibraltar (British Overseas Territory)
    Gioia Tauro, Italy
    Grand Harbour, Malta
    Iskenderun, Turkey
    Port of Haifa, Israel
    Larnaca, Cyprus
    Latakia, Syria
    Leghorn, Italy
    Limassol, Cyprus
    Málaga, Spain
    Marmaris, Turkey
    Marseille, France
    Melilla, Spain
    Mersa Matruh, Egypt
    Mersin, Turkey
    Messina, Sicily, Italy
    Misrata, Libya
    Nador, Morocco
    Naples, Italy
    Oran, Algeria
    Palma de Mallorca, Spain
    Palermo, Sicily, Italy
    Patras, Greece
    Piraeus, Greece
    Port Said, Egypt
    Sidon, Lebanon
    Tangier, Morocco
    Tarragona, Spain
    Tel Aviv, Israel
    Thessaloniki, Greece
    Tétouan, Morocco
    Tripoli, Lebanon
    Tripoli, Libya
    Tunis, Tunisia
    Valencia, Spain
    Gulf of Mexico
    Port of Beaumont, Texas, United States
    Campeche, Mexico
    Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico
    Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico
    Port Corpus Christi, Texas, United States
    Galveston, Texas, United States
    Gulfport, Mississippi, United States
    Havana, Cuba
    Port of Houston, Texas, United States
    Intracoastal City, Louisiana, United States
    Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States
    Louisiana Offshore Oil Port, Louisiana, United States
    Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico
    Matanzas, Matanzas, Cuba
    Port of Mobile, Alabama, United States
    Port of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
    Panama City, Florida, United States
    Pensacola, Florida, United States
    Plaquemines Port, Louisiana, United States
    Port Fourchon, Louisiana, United States
    Progreso, Mexico
    Port of Tampa, United States
    Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico
    Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
    North Sea
    List of North Sea ports
    Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
    Port of Amsterdam, Netherlands
    Port of Antwerp, Belgium
    Blyth, England, United Kingdom
    Bremerhaven, Germany
    Bremen, Germany
    Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge, Belgium
    Cuxhaven, Germany
    Delfzijl, Netherlands
    Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
    Eemshaven, Netherlands
    Emden, Germany
    Esbjerg, Denmark
    Port of Felixstowe, United Kingdom
    Flotta, Scotland, United Kingdom
    Port of Ghent, Belgium
    Gothenburg, Sweden
    Grimsby, United Kingdom
    Port of Hamburg, Germany
    Harwich International Port, England, United Kingdom
    Immingham, England, United Kingdom
    Hull, England, United Kingdom
    Kristiansand, Norway
    Leith, Scotland, United Kingdom
    Port of London, England, United Kingdom
    Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom
    Newcastle, England, United Kingdom
    Oostende, Belgium
    Oslo, Norway
    Port of Rotterdam, Netherlands & Europoort
    Stavanger, Norway
    Terneuzen, Netherlands
    Sullom Voe, Scotland, United Kingdom
    Sunderland, England, United Kingdom
    Thamesport, Isle of Grain, England, United Kingdom
    Port of Tilbury, England, United Kingdom
    Vlissingen, Netherlands
    Wilhelmshaven, Germany & JadeWeserPort
    Ålesund, Norway
    Øresund
    Copenhagen, Denmark
    Helsingborg, Sweden
    Malmö, Sweden
    Ottawa River/Saint Lawrence River
    Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
    Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
    Bécancour, Quebec, Canada
    Gulf of Paria
    Pedernales, Venezuela
    Point Lisas, Trinidad and Tobago
    Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
    Scarborough, Trinidad and Tobago - since 1991
    Tyrrhenian Sea
    Civitavecchia, Italy
    Naples, Italy
    Livorno, Italy
    Arctic Ocean
    List of ports and harbours of the Arctic Ocean
    Akureyri, Iceland
    Arkhangelsk, Russia
    Barrow, Alaska, United States
    Belomorsk, Russia
    Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
    Dikson, Russia
    Dudinka, Russia
    Hammerfest, Norway
    Honningsvåg, Norway
    Kandalaksha, Russia
    Igarka, Russia
    Kirkenes, Norway
    Murmansk, Russia
    Naryan-Mar, Russia
    Severomorsk, Russia
    Tiksi, Russia
    Pevek, Russia
    Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, United States
    Vardø, Norway
    Vitino, Russia
    Indian Ocean
    List of ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean
    Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
    Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
    Cochin, Kerala, India
    Colombo, Sri Lanka
    Port of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
    Durban, South Africa
    Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
    Haldia, West Bengal, India
    Jakarta, Indonesia
    Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Krishnapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Kandla, Gujarat, India
    Port of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
    Mundra, Gujarat, India
    Mangalore, Karnataka, India
    Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Maputo, Mozambique
    Mogadishu, Somalia
    Port of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
    Paradeep, Odisha, India
    Portland, Victoria, Australia
    Port Hedland, Western Australia, Australia
    Port Elizabeth, South Africa
    Port Lincoln, South Australia, Australia
    Port Louis, Mauritius
    Port Pirie, South Australia, Australia
    Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
    Richards Bay, South Africa
    Mombasa, Kenya
    Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Port of Kolkata, West Bengal, India
    Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
    Gulf of Aden
    Aden, Yemen
    Berbera, Somalia
    Mukalla, Yemen
    Port of Djibouti, Djibouti
    Arabian Sea
    Gwadar Port, Gwadar, Balochistan, Pakistan
    Karachi Port, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
    Keti Bandar, Sindh, Pakistan
    Port Qasim, Sindh, Pakistan
    Port of Ormara, Ormara, Balochistan, Pakistan
    Port of Pasni, Pasni, Balochistan, Pakistan
    Mundra Port, Gujarat, India
    New Mangalore port, Karnataka, India
    INS Kadamba, Karnataka, India
    Cochin Port, Kerala, India
    Kandla Port, Gujarat, India
    Mormugão, Goa, India
    Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
    Al Duqm Port & Drydock, Duqm, Al Wusta Region, Oman
    Port of Salalah, Salalah, Dhofar Governorate, Oman
    Port of Bushehr, Bushehr Province, Iran
    Bandar-Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
    Bay of Bengal
    Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
    Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India
    Chittagong Port, Chittagong Bangladesh
    Ennore, Tamil Nadu, India
    Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Mongla Port, Khulna, Bangladesh
    Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
    Paradeep, Odisha, India
    Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
    Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Gangavaram Port, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Dhamra, Odisha, India
    Gopalpur, Odisha, India
    Hooghly River
    Haldia, West Bengal, India
    Port of Kolkata, West Bengal, India
    Strait of Malacca
    Johor Port, Malaysia
    Port Klang, Malaysia
    Northport
    West Port
    Southpoint
    Penang, Malaysia
    Port of Singapore, Singapore
    Tanjung Langsat Port, Johor, Malaysia
    Port of Tanjung Pelepas, Malaysia
    Gulf of Martaban
    Yangon, Myanmar
    Sea of Oman
    Port of Chabahar, Iran
    Port Sultan Qaboos, Muttrah, Muscat Governorate, Oman
    Port of Sohar, Sohar, Dhofar Governorate, Oman
    Khawr Fakkan, Sharjah, UAE
    Gwadar Port, Balochistan, Pakistan
    Chingari Port, Sindh, Pakistan
    Persian Gulf
    Bandar Abbas, Iran
    Bandar Imam Khomeini, Iran
    Dammam, Saudi Arabia
    Doha, Qatar
    Dubai, UAE
    Hamriyah Port, Sharjah, UAE
    Khafji, Saudi Arabia
    Khobar, Saudi Arabia
    Shuwaikh port, Kuwait
    Jebel Ali, Dubai, UAE
    Jubail, Saudi Arabia
    Khalifa Bin Salman Port, Hidd, Bahrain
    Mina Salman Port, Manama, Bahrain
    Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia
    Port Phillip
    Geelong, Victoria, Australia
    Port of Melbourne, Australia
    Red Sea
    Aqaba, Jordan
    Ain Sokhna, Egypt
    Asseb, Eritrea
    Djibouti City, Djibouti
    Dubai, Saudi Arabia
    Port of Eilat, Israel
    Farasan (city), Saudi Arabia
    Hurghada, Egypt
    Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
    Jizan, Saudi Arabia
    Massawa, Eritrea
    Port Sudan, Sudan
    Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
    Suez, Egypt
    Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
    Pacific Ocean
    List of ports and harbours of the Pacific Ocean
    Acapulco, Mexico
    Auckland, New Zealand
    Aurora, Philippines
    Buenaventura, Colombia
    Cabo San Lucas, Mexico
    Cagayan Freeport, Philippines
    Caldera, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
    Callao, Peru
    Corinto, Nicaragua
    Port of Davao, Philippines
    Port of Ensenada, Mexico
    Eureka, California, United States on Humboldt Bay
    Fraser Port, British Columbia, Canada
    Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Port of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
    Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
    Iquique, Chile
    Port of Kobe, Japan
    Legazpi, Philippines
    Port of Long Beach, California, United States
    Port of Los Angeles, California, United States
    Lyttelton, New Zealand
    Napier, New Zealand See also: Port of Napier
    Mazatlán, Mexico
    Panama City, Panama
    Port Chalmers, New Zealand
    Port Hueneme, California, United States
    Puerto Montt, Chile
    Port of Napier, New Zealand
    Port of Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada
    Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
    San Antonio, Chile
    Port of San Diego, California, United States
    Surigao, Philippines
    Tabaco, Philippines
    Tauranga, New Zealand
    Timaru, New Zealand
    Valparaíso, Chile
    Viña del Mar, Chile
    Wellington, New Zealand
    Port of Yokohama, Japan
    Sai Gon New Port, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
    Columbia River
    Port of Longview, Washington, United States
    Port of Portland, Oregon, United States
    Drake Passage, Beagle Channel and Strait of Magellan
    Puerto Williams, Chile
    Punta Arenas, Chile
    Ushuaia, Argentina
    Sacramento–San Joaquin rivers
    Sacramento, California, United States
    Gulf of Alaska
    Port of Anchorage, Alaska, United States
    Juneau, Alaska, United States
    Arafura Sea
    Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
    Bering Strait
    Nome, Alaska, United States
    Bohai Sea
    Tianjin, People's Republic of China
    Dongying, People's Republic of China
    Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China
    Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
    Yingkou, People's Republic of China
    Hangu, People's Republic of China
    Gulf of Carpentaria
    Weipa, Queensland, Australia
    Coral Sea
    Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia
    Port of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
    Gladstone, Queensland, Australia
    Hay Point, Queensland, Australia
    Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
    Townsville, Queensland, Australia
    East China Sea
    Ningbo, People's Republic of China
    Kaohsiung, Taiwan
    Keelung, Taiwan
    Gulf of Thailand
    Bangkok, Thailand
    Laem Chabang, Thailand
    Sihanoukville Autonomous Port, Kingdom of Cambodia
    Korea Bay
    Dalian, People's Republic of China
    Lushun/Lushunkou, People's Republic of China
    Namp'o, North Korea
    Sinǔiju, North Korea
    Yangtze River / Changjiang
    Chongqing, People's Republic of China
    Port of Shanghai, People's Republic of China
    Wuhan, People's Republic of China
    Gulf of California
    Port of Pichilingue/La Paz, Mexico (UNESCO Whale Sactuary and Bio-Reserve)
    Sea of Japan
    Port of Busan, South Korea
    Rason, North Korea
    Hungnam, North Korea
    Gangneung, South Korea
    Nakhodka, Russia
    Vladivostok, Russia
    Vostochny, Russia
    Wonsan, North Korea
    Puget Sound/Strait of Georgia
    Port of Vancouver, Canada
    Port of Bellingham, Washington, United States
    Port of Everett, Washington, United States
    Port of Seattle, Washington, United States
    Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
    Port of Tacoma, Washington, United States
    Port of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
    Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
    San Francisco Bay
    Port of Oakland, California, United States
    Port of Redwood City, Redwood City, California, United States
    Richmond, California, United States
    San Francisco, California, United States
    Vallejo, California, United States
    Stockton, California, United States
    Pittsburg, California, United States
    South China Sea
    Batangas, Philippines
    Cam Ranh, Vietnam
    Cebu, Philippines
    Da Nang, Vietnam
    Hai Phong, Vietnam
    Iloilo, Philippines
    Ka-Ho, Macau (People's Republic of China)
    Kemaman Port, Terengganu, Malaysia
    Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon port), Vietnam
    Port of Kaohsiung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
    Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
    Kuantan Port, Pahang, Malaysia
    Kuching Port, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Miri Port, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Rejang Port, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Bintulu Port, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Kwai Chung, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
    Port of Manila, Philippines
    Muara Port, Brunei
    Puerto Princesa, Philippines
    Port of Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
    Subic Bay, Philippines
    Tuen Mun, Hong Kong People's Republic of China
    Van Phong, Vietnam
    Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
    Zamboanga, Philippini
    Pearl River / Zhujiang
    Port of Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
    Tasman Sea
    Botany Bay (Port Botany), New South Wales, Australia* Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
    Nelson, New Zealand
    Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
    New Plymouth, New Zealand
    Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour), New South Wales, Australia
    Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia
    Yellow Sea
    Haenam, South Korea
    Port of Incheon, South Korea
    Qingdao, People's Republic of China
    Rizhao, People's Republic of China
    Tianjin, People's Republic of China
    Weihai, People's Republic of China

2 comments:

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