11/07/2013

Construction and Working of Ships Refrigeration plant

The refrigeration plants on merchant vessels play a vital part in carrying refrigerated cargo and provisions for the crew on board. In reefer ships, the temperature of the perishable or temperature sensitive cargo such as food, chemical, or liquefied gas, is controlled by the refrigeration plant of the ship. The same plant or a smaller unit can be used for maintaining the temperature of different provision rooms carrying food stuffs for crew members.
The main purpose of ship’s refrigeration plant is to avoid any damage to the cargo or perishable material so that the cargo in transported in good and healthy condition. Refrigeration prevents growth of micro-organisms, oxidation, fermentation and drying out of cargo etc.
Main Components of Refrigeration plants
Any refrigeration unit works with different components inline to each other in series. The main components are:
1. Compressor: Reciprocating single or two stage compressor is commonly used for compressing and supplying the refrigerant to the system.
2. Condenser: Shell and tube type condenser is used to cool down the refrigerant in the system.
3. Receiver: The cooled refrigerant is supplied to the receiver, which is also used to drain out the refrigerant from the system for maintenance purpose.
4. Drier: The drier connected in the system consists of silica gel to remove any moisture from the refrigerant
5. Solenoids: Different solenoid valves are used to control the flow of refrigerant into the hold or room. Master solenoid is provided in the main line and other solenoid is present in all individual cargo hold or rooms.
6. Expansion valve: An Expansion valve regulates the refrigerants to maintain the correct hold or room temperature.
7. Evaporator unit: The evaporator unit act as a heat exchanger to cool down the hold or room area by transferring heat to the refrigerant.
8. Control unit: The control unit consist of different safety and operating circuits for safe operation of the refer plant.
Working of Ship’s Refrigeration Plant
The compressor acting as a circulation pump for refrigerant has two safety cut-outs- Low pressure (LP) and High Pressure (HP) cut outs. When the pressure on the suction side drops below the set valve, the control unit stops the compressor and when the pressure on the discharge side shoots up, the compressor trips.
LP or low pressure cut out is controlled automatically i.e. when the suction pressure drops, the compressor stops and when the suction pressure rises again, the control system starts the compressor. HP or high pressure cut out is provided with manually re-set
The hot compressed liquid is passed to a receiver through a condenser to cool it down. The receiver can be used to collect the refrigerant when any major repair work has to be performed.
The master solenoid is fitted after the receiver, which is controlled by the control unit. In case of sudden stoppage of compressor, the master solenoid also closes, avoiding the flooding of evaporator with refrigerant liquid.
The room or hold solenoid and thermostatic valve regulate the flow of the refrigerant in to the room to maintain the temperature of the room. For this, the expansion valve is controlled by a diaphragm movement due to the pressure variation which is operated by the bulb sensor filled with expandable fluid fitted at the evaporator outlet.
The thermostatic expansion valve supplies the correct amount of refrigerants to evaporators where the refrigerants takes up the heat from the room and boils off into vapours resulting in temperature drop for that room.

This is how temperature is maintained in the refrigeration plant of the ship.
As a worldwide marine service agent, Ijin Marine Limited provides ship voyage repair, lifesaving inspection, fire-fighting inspection, radio inspection, and underwater hull cleaning, in more than 3000 ports of 100 countries. Below is a list of world's seaports, arranged by oceans and seas. Ijin has attended many jobs in some of them as below. The lifesaving equipment includes life boat, life raft, which is annually inspected accordingly to class requirement. Fire fighting equipment includes fire extinguisher (dry powder, CO2, foam, etc, hand type or wheeled type), firemen outfitting and cylinder, air breathing apparatus, EEBD, etc. Communication inspection includes GMDSS, AIS, SSAS, EPIRB, SVDR, VHF radio, etc. Underwater service includes inspection, hull cleaning, repairing, plugging, etc.
The list of jobs Ijin attending in the past.
M/V Changhang Xianghai, TurbaraoBrazil, Ship Store Supply
M/V Changhang Bohai, KandleIndia, Motor Rewinding
M/V Changhang An Hai, AmsterdamNetherlands Or Holland, Store Supply
M/V CF Diamond, VancouverCanada, Oil Tank Repair For Life Boat
M/V CF Crystol, VancouverCanada, Hatch Cover Repair
M/V LR Lily, KalimantanIndonesia, Bearing Replacement For Crane
M/V Sky Jupiter, Johor BahruMalaysia, Provision And Ship Store Supply
M/V Sky Oceanus, Johor BahruMalaysia, Provision And Ship Store Supply
M/V Msc Sentosa, Johor BahruMalaysia, Provision And Ship Store Supply
M/V Man Hai, JarkataIndonesia, Life Raft Supply
M/V Jian Hua, Point ComfertAmerica, Ship Store Supply
M/V Long Hua, Dong HaeKorea, Spare Part Delivery
M/V Xin Xiang An, KaraikalIndia, Ship Store Supply
M/V Xin Bo Lin 3, MumbaiIndia, Ship Store Supply
M/V Hui Tong 56, BelawanIndonesia, Boiler Repair
M/V Zhe Hai 505, AuklandNew Zealand, Fire Fighting Equipment Inspection
M/V Zhe Hai 505, VitoriaBrazil, Life Raft Inspection
M/V Zhe Hai 505, RotterdamNetherlands, Ship Store Supply
M/V Zhe Hai 505, San LorenzoArgentina, Ship Store Supply
M/V Da Xin Hua Li Shun, UlsanKorea, Fire Fighting, Life Saving And Gmdss Inspection
M/V Ratna Shalini, GdanskPoland, Gas Detector Calibration
M/V Cleantec, Casablanca, Morroco, Ship Store Supply
M/V Chang Hang An Hai, TaichuangTaiwan, Auxiliary Engine Repair
M/V Chang Hang An Hai, Richard BayAustralia, Ship Store Supply
M/V Rich Sino, Junk Bay Anchorage Of Hong Kong, Underwater Hulls Inspection, Pre Purchase.
Atlantic Ocean
List of ports and harbours of the Atlantic Ocean
AbidjanIvory Coast
AccraGhana
A Coruña, Spain
Port of Albany-RensselaerNew YorkUnited States
Bahía BlancaArgentina
Coronel Rosales PartidoArgentina
General Belgrano, Buenos AiresArgentina
BananaDemocratic Republic of the Congo
BarranquillaColombia
BelémBrazil
BergenNorway
BodøNorway
Port of BostonMassachusettsUnited States
BotwoodNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
BridgetownBarbados
BrunswickGeorgiaUnited States
Buenos AiresArgentina
CalabarNigeria
CabindaAngola
CádizSpain
Port CanaveralFloridaUnited States
Cape MayNew JerseyUnited States
Cape TownSouth Africa
Port of CasablancaMorocco
CayenneFrench GuianaFrance
CharlestonSouth CarolinaUnited States
ColónPanama
CorkIreland
DakarSenegal
DoualaCameroon
ElizabethNew JerseyUnited States
FerrolSpain
FreeportBahamas
FreetownSierra Leone
FortalezaBrazil
GalwayIreland
GeorgetownGuyana
Port of HafnarfjörðurIceland
Port of HalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
HamiltonBermuda
Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States
HarstadNorway
HuelvaSpain
JacksonvilleFloridaUnited States
LagosNigeria
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
LibrevilleGabon
LisbonPortugal
LoméTogo
LuandaAngola
MalaboEquatorial Guinea
MelfordNova ScotiaCanada (proposed)
Port of MiamiFloridaUnited States
MonroviaLiberia
MontevideoUruguay
NantesFrance
NarvikNorway
NassauBahamas
Port NewarkUnited States
Port of New York and New JerseyUnited States
ParamariboSuriname
PecémBrazil
Port of PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
Port Everglades, FloridaUnited States
Port HarcourtNigeria
PortlandMaineUnited States
PortoPortugal
Porto AlegreBrazil
QuequénArgentina
RecifeBrazil
ReykjavíkIceland
Rio de JaneiroBrazil
SalvadorBrazil
San JuanPuerto RicoUnited States
Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
Port of Santos near São PauloBrazil
Port of SavannahGeorgiaUnited States
St. AugustineFloridaUnited States
Saint JohnNew BrunswickCanada
Sept-Îles, QuebecCanada
SetúbalPortugal
Sines, Portugal
StornowayScotlandUnited Kingdom
Shannon/Foynes, Ireland
St. John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
Tangier, Morocco
TromsøNorway
TrondheimNorway
Port of VigoSpain
VitóriaBrazil
Walvis BayNamibia
WilmingtonDelawareUnited States
WilmingtonNorth CarolinaUnited States
ÅlesundNorway
ParanaguáBrazil
São Francisco do SulBrazil
ItajaíBrazil
Porto VelhoBrazil
SantosBrazil
ItapoáBrazil
Adriatic Sea
Ancona, Italy
Port of BarMontenegro
BariItaly
BudvaMontenegro
Port of DurrësAlbania
Port of KoperSlovenia
Port of PescaraItaly
Port of PločeCroatia
Port of RijekaCroatia
Shën GjinAlbania
Port of SplitCroatia
Port of TriesteItaly
VeniceItaly
Port of VlorëAlbania
RavennaItaly
MonfalconeItaly
ChioggiaItaly
Porto MargheraItaly
Aegean Sea
AlexandroupolisGreece
BodrumTurkey
ChalcisGreece
ChiosGreece
EleusinaGreece
Heraklion, CreteGreece
İzmir, Turkey
KavalaGreece
KuşadasıTurkey
LauriumGreece
MytileneGreece
PiraeusGreece
RhodesGreece
ThessalonikiGreece
VolosGreece
Azov Sea
AzovRussia
BerdianskUkraine
MariupolUkraine
TaganrogRussia
YeyskRussia
Baltic Sea
List of Ports of the Baltic Sea.
Bay of Biscay
AvilésSpain
BayonneFrance
BurelaSpain
Port of BilbaoSpain
BordeauxFrance
BrestFrance
El Musel, GijónSpain
PasaiaSpain
La RochelleFrance
Les Sables-d'OlonneFrance
SantanderSpain
Black Sea
BatumiGeorgia
BilhorodUkraine
BurgasBulgaria
IllichivskUkraine
MangaliaRomania
Midia, NăvodariRomania
NovorossiyskRussia
OdessaUkraine
PotiGeorgia
Port of ConstanţaRomania
Giurgiulesti International Free PortMoldova
Port of ErdemirTurkey
Port of VarnaBulgaria
SamsunTurkey
SevastopolUkraine
SukhumiGeorgia
TrabzonTurkey
YuzhnyUkraine
Caribbean Sea
Basse-TerreGuadeloupeFrance
Belize CityBelize
BridgetownBarbados
Port of Cabo RojoDominican Republic
CartagenaColombia
ChetumalMexico
ColónPanama
Fort-de-FranceMartiniqueFrance
La GuairaVenezuela
GuantaVenezuela
GuantánamoCuba
KingstonJamaica
LimónCosta Rica
MaracaiboVenezuela
Oranjestad, ArubaNetherlands
Pointe-à-Pitre, GuadeloupeFrance
PoncePuerto RicoUnited States
Port-au-PrinceHaiti
Port CaucedoDominican Republic
Port Rio HainaDominican Republic
Port of SpainTrinidad and Tobago
Puerto Barrios, Guatemala
Puerto CabelloVenezuela
Puerto PlataDominican Republic
Puerto CastillaHonduras
Puerto CortésHonduras
RoatánHonduras
Santiago de CubaCuba
Port of Santo DomingoDominican Republic
Santo Tomás de CastillaGuatemala
WillemstadCuraçaoNetherlands
Chesapeake Bay
BaltimoreUnited States
NorfolkVirginiaUnited States
SalisburyMarylandUnited States
English Channel
Caen (Ouistreham), France
CalaisFrance
CherbourgFrance
DieppeFrance
Port of DoverUnited Kingdom
Le HavreFrance
Port of LondonUnited Kingdom
Dunkerque(Duinkerken), France
NewhavenUnited Kingdom
OstendBelgium
St. Peter PortGuernseyUnited Kingdom
Portland HarbourUnited Kingdom
PortsmouthUnited Kingdom
PlymouthUnited Kingdom
RamsgateUnited Kingdom
Saint-MaloFrance
Shoreham-by-SeaUnited Kingdom
Port of SouthamptonUnited Kingdom
Great Lakes
Port of MontrealCanada
BuffaloNew YorkUnited States
Burns Harbor / PortageIndianaUnited States
Port of ChicagoIllinoisUnited States
ClevelandOhioUnited States
DetroitMichiganUnited States
DuluthMinnesotaUnited States
EriePennsylvaniaUnited States
HamiltonOntarioCanada
KingstonOntarioCanada
MilwaukeeWisconsinUnited States
Port of MontrealCanada
NanticokeOntarioCanada
OshawaOntarioCanada
Port of Oswego AuthorityNew YorkUnited States
Thunder BayOntarioCanada
Two Harbors, MinnesotaUnited States
ToledoOhioUnited States
TorontoOntarioCanada
Sault Ste. MarieOntarioCanada
Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, United States
Irish Sea
Barrow-in-FurnessEngland
BelfastNorthern Ireland
CairnryanScotland
CardiffWales
Douglas, Isle of Man
DroghedaIreland
DublinIreland
Dún LaoghaireIreland
DundalkIreland
EllesmereEngland
Fishguard, Wales
FleetwoodEngland
GarstonEngland
GlasgowScotland
HeyshamEngland
Holyhead, Wales
LarneNorthern Ireland
LiverpoolEngland
Milford Haven, Wales
Mostyn, Wales
Pembroke Dock, Wales
Rosslare EuroportIreland
RuncornEngland
StranraerScotland
SwanseaWales
Sea of Marmara
IstanbulTurkey
İzmit, Turkey
TekirdağTurkey
Mediterranean Sea
AdanaTurkey
AlexandriaEgypt
AlgecirasSpain
Al Hoceima, Morocco
AlgiersAlgeria
AlmeríaSpain
AntalyaTurkey
Port of AshdodIsrael
BarcelonaSpain
BardiaLibya
BeirutLebanon
BenghaziLibya
CagliariSardiniaItaly
CartagenaSpain
CeutaSpain
ChalcisGreece
CivitavecchiaItaly
CorinthGreece
DatcaTurkey
FethiyeTurkey
GenoaItaly
Gibraltar (British Overseas Territory)
Gioia TauroItaly
Grand HarbourMalta
IskenderunTurkey
Port of HaifaIsrael
LarnacaCyprus
LatakiaSyria
LeghornItaly
LimassolCyprus
MálagaSpain
MarmarisTurkey
MarseilleFrance
MelillaSpain
Mersa MatruhEgypt
MersinTurkey
MessinaSicilyItaly
MisrataLibya
NadorMorocco
NaplesItaly
OranAlgeria
Palma de MallorcaSpain
PalermoSicilyItaly
PatrasGreece
PiraeusGreece
Port SaidEgypt
SidonLebanon
Tangier, Morocco
TarragonaSpain
Tel AvivIsrael
ThessalonikiGreece
TétouanMorocco
TripoliLebanon
TripoliLibya
TunisTunisia
ValenciaSpain
Gulf of Mexico
Port of BeaumontTexasUnited States
CampecheMexico
Ciudad del CarmenMexico
CoatzacoalcosVeracruzMexico
Port Corpus ChristiTexasUnited States
GalvestonTexasUnited States
GulfportMississippiUnited States
HavanaCuba
Port of HoustonTexasUnited States
Intracoastal CityLouisianaUnited States
Lake CharlesLouisianaUnited States
Louisiana Offshore Oil PortLouisianaUnited States
MatamorosTamaulipasMexico
MatanzasMatanzasCuba
Port of MobileAlabamaUnited States
Port of New OrleansLouisianaUnited States
Panama CityFloridaUnited States
PensacolaFloridaUnited States
Plaquemines PortLouisianaUnited States
Port FourchonLouisianaUnited States
ProgresoMexico
Port of TampaUnited States
TampicoTamaulipasMexico
VeracruzVeracruzMexico
North Sea
List of North Sea ports
AberdeenScotlandUnited Kingdom
Port of AmsterdamNetherlands
Port of AntwerpBelgium
BlythEnglandUnited Kingdom
BremerhavenGermany
BremenGermany
Port of Bruges-ZeebruggeBelgium
CuxhavenGermany
DelfzijlNetherlands
DundeeScotlandUnited Kingdom
EemshavenNetherlands
EmdenGermany
EsbjergDenmark
Port of FelixstoweUnited Kingdom
FlottaScotlandUnited Kingdom
Port of GhentBelgium
GothenburgSweden
GrimsbyUnited Kingdom
Port of HamburgGermany
Harwich International PortEnglandUnited Kingdom
ImminghamEnglandUnited Kingdom
HullEnglandUnited Kingdom
KristiansandNorway
LeithScotlandUnited Kingdom
Port of LondonEnglandUnited Kingdom
MiddlesbroughEnglandUnited Kingdom
NewcastleEnglandUnited Kingdom
OostendeBelgium
OsloNorway
Port of RotterdamNetherlands & Europoort
StavangerNorway
TerneuzenNetherlands
Sullom VoeScotlandUnited Kingdom
SunderlandEnglandUnited Kingdom
Thamesport, Isle of GrainEnglandUnited Kingdom
Port of TilburyEnglandUnited Kingdom
VlissingenNetherlands
WilhelmshavenGermany & JadeWeserPort
ÅlesundNorway
Øresund
CopenhagenDenmark
HelsingborgSweden
MalmöSweden
Ottawa River/Saint Lawrence River
MontrealQuebecCanada
Quebec CityQuebecCanada
Trois-RivièresQuebecCanada
BécancourQuebecCanada
Gulf of Paria
PedernalesVenezuela
Point LisasTrinidad and Tobago
Port of SpainTrinidad and Tobago
ScarboroughTrinidad and Tobago - since 1991
Tyrrhenian Sea
CivitavecchiaItaly
NaplesItaly
LivornoItaly
Arctic Ocean
List of ports and harbours of the Arctic Ocean
AkureyriIceland
ArkhangelskRussia
BarrowAlaskaUnited States
BelomorskRussia
ChurchillManitobaCanada
DiksonRussia
DudinkaRussia
HammerfestNorway
HonningsvågNorway
KandalakshaRussia
IgarkaRussia
KirkenesNorway
MurmanskRussia
Naryan-MarRussia
SeveromorskRussia
TiksiRussia
PevekRussia
Prudhoe BayAlaskaUnited States
VardøNorway
VitinoRussia
Indian Ocean
List of ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean
AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, Navi Mumbai, MaharashtraIndia
CochinKeralaIndia
ColomboSri Lanka
Port of Madras, Tamil NaduIndia
DurbanSouth Africa
FremantleWestern AustraliaAustralia
Haldia, West BengalIndia
JakartaIndonesia
KakinadaAndhra PradeshIndia
Krishnapatnam, Andhra PradeshIndia
Kandla, GujaratIndia
Port of KarachiSindhPakistan
Mundra, GujaratIndia
Mangalore, KarnatakaIndia
Machilipatnam, Andhra PradeshIndia
MaputoMozambique
MogadishuSomalia
Port of MumbaiMaharashtraIndia
Paradeep, OdishaIndia
PortlandVictoriaAustralia
Port HedlandWestern AustraliaAustralia
Port ElizabethSouth Africa
Port LincolnSouth AustraliaAustralia
Port LouisMauritius
Port PirieSouth AustraliaAustralia
Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar IslandsIndia
Richards BaySouth Africa
MombasaKenya
VisakhapatnamAndhra PradeshIndia
Port of Kolkata, West BengalIndia
Tuticorin, Tamil NaduIndia
Gulf of Aden
AdenYemen
BerberaSomalia
MukallaYemen
Port of DjiboutiDjibouti
Arabian Sea
Gwadar Port, Gwadar, BalochistanPakistan
Karachi PortKarachiSindhPakistan
Keti Bandar, SindhPakistan
Port Qasim, SindhPakistan
Port of Ormara, Ormara, BalochistanPakistan
Port of Pasni, Pasni, BalochistanPakistan
Mundra PortGujaratIndia
New Mangalore port, KarnatakaIndia
INS Kadamba, KarnatakaIndia
Cochin PortKeralaIndia
Kandla PortGujaratIndia
Mormugão, GoaIndia
Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, Navi Mumbai, MaharashtraIndia
Al Duqm Port & Drydock, Duqm, Al Wusta Region, Oman
Port of Salalah, Salalah, Dhofar GovernorateOman
Port of BushehrBushehr ProvinceIran
Bandar-Abbas, HormozganIran
Bay of Bengal
Chennai, Tamil NaduIndia
Cuddalore, Tamil NaduIndia
Chittagong PortChittagong Bangladesh
Ennore, Tamil NaduIndia
KakinadaAndhra PradeshIndia
Machilipatnam, Andhra PradeshIndia
Mongla PortKhulnaBangladesh
Nagapattinam, Tamil NaduIndia
Paradeep, OdishaIndia
Tuticorin, Tamil NaduIndia
VisakhapatnamAndhra PradeshIndia
Gangavaram PortVisakhapatnamAndhra PradeshIndia
Dhamra, OdishaIndia
Gopalpur, OdishaIndia
Hooghly River
Haldia, West BengalIndia
Port of Kolkata, West BengalIndia
Strait of Malacca
Johor PortMalaysia
Port KlangMalaysia
Northport
West Port
Southpoint
PenangMalaysia
Port of SingaporeSingapore
Tanjung Langsat PortJohorMalaysia
Port of Tanjung PelepasMalaysia
Gulf of Martaban
YangonMyanmar
Sea of Oman
Port of ChabaharIran
Port Sultan Qaboos, Muttrah, Muscat GovernorateOman
Port of Sohar, Sohar, Dhofar GovernorateOman
Khawr Fakkan, Sharjah, UAE
Gwadar PortBalochistanPakistan
Chingari PortSindhPakistan
Persian Gulf
Bandar AbbasIran
Bandar Imam KhomeiniIran
DammamSaudi Arabia
DohaQatar
Dubai, UAE
Hamriyah Port, Sharjah, UAE
KhafjiSaudi Arabia
KhobarSaudi Arabia
Shuwaikh port, Kuwait
Jebel Ali, Dubai, UAE
JubailSaudi Arabia
Khalifa Bin Salman PortHiddBahrain
Mina Salman PortManamaBahrain
Ras TanuraSaudi Arabia
Port Phillip
GeelongVictoriaAustralia
Port of MelbourneAustralia
Red Sea
AqabaJordan
Ain SokhnaEgypt
AssebEritrea
Djibouti CityDjibouti
DubaiSaudi Arabia
Port of EilatIsrael
Farasan (city), Saudi Arabia
HurghadaEgypt
JeddahSaudi Arabia
JizanSaudi Arabia
MassawaEritrea
Port SudanSudan
RabighSaudi Arabia
SuezEgypt
YanbuSaudi Arabia
Pacific Ocean
List of ports and harbours of the Pacific Ocean
AcapulcoMexico
AucklandNew Zealand
AuroraPhilippines
BuenaventuraColombia
Cabo San LucasMexico
Cagayan FreeportPhilippines
Caldera, PuntarenasCosta Rica
CallaoPeru
CorintoNicaragua
Port of DavaoPhilippines
Port of EnsenadaMexico
EurekaCaliforniaUnited States on Humboldt Bay
Fraser PortBritish ColumbiaCanada
GuayaquilEcuador
Port of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
HonoluluHawaiiUnited States
IquiqueChile
Port of KobeJapan
LegazpiPhilippines
Port of Long BeachCaliforniaUnited States
Port of Los AngelesCaliforniaUnited States
LytteltonNew Zealand
NapierNew Zealand See also: Port of Napier
MazatlánMexico
Panama CityPanama
Port ChalmersNew Zealand
Port HuenemeCaliforniaUnited States
Puerto MonttChile
Port of NapierNew Zealand
Port of Prince RupertBritish ColumbiaCanada
Puerto VallartaMexico
San AntonioChile
Port of San DiegoCaliforniaUnited States
SurigaoPhilippines
TabacoPhilippines
TaurangaNew Zealand
TimaruNew Zealand
ValparaísoChile
Viña del MarChile
WellingtonNew Zealand
Port of YokohamaJapan
Sai Gon New Port, Ho Chi Minh CityViet Nam
Columbia River
Port of LongviewWashingtonUnited States
Port of PortlandOregonUnited States
Drake Passage, Beagle Channel and Strait of Magellan
Puerto WilliamsChile
Punta ArenasChile
UshuaiaArgentina
Sacramento–San Joaquin rivers
SacramentoCaliforniaUnited States
Gulf of Alaska
Port of AnchorageAlaskaUnited States
JuneauAlaskaUnited States
Arafura Sea
DarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
Bering Strait
NomeAlaskaUnited States
Bohai Sea
Tianjin, People's Republic of China
Dongying, People's Republic of China
Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China
Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
Yingkou, People's Republic of China
Hangu, People's Republic of China
Gulf of Carpentaria
WeipaQueenslandAustralia
Coral Sea
BundabergQueenslandAustralia
Port of BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
GladstoneQueenslandAustralia
Hay PointQueenslandAustralia
Port MoresbyPapua New Guinea
TownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
East China Sea
Ningbo, People's Republic of China
KaohsiungTaiwan
KeelungTaiwan
Gulf of Thailand
BangkokThailand
Laem ChabangThailand
Sihanoukville Autonomous Port, Kingdom of Cambodia
Korea Bay
Dalian, People's Republic of China
Lushun/Lushunkou, People's Republic of China
Namp'o, North Korea
Sinǔiju, North Korea
Yangtze River / Changjiang
Chongqing, People's Republic of China
Port of Shanghai, People's Republic of China
Wuhan, People's Republic of China
Gulf of California
Port of Pichilingue/La Paz, Mexico (UNESCO Whale Sactuary and Bio-Reserve)
Sea of Japan
Port of BusanSouth Korea
RasonNorth Korea
HungnamNorth Korea
GangneungSouth Korea
NakhodkaRussia
VladivostokRussia
VostochnyRussia
WonsanNorth Korea
Puget Sound/Strait of Georgia
Port of VancouverCanada
Port of BellinghamWashingtonUnited States
Port of EverettWashingtonUnited States
Port of SeattleWashingtonUnited States
SurreyBritish ColumbiaCanada
Port of TacomaWashingtonUnited States
Port of VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
VictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
San Francisco Bay
Port of OaklandCaliforniaUnited States
Port of Redwood CityRedwood CityCaliforniaUnited States
RichmondCaliforniaUnited States
San FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
VallejoCaliforniaUnited States
StocktonCaliforniaUnited States
PittsburgCaliforniaUnited States
South China Sea
BatangasPhilippines
Cam RanhVietnam
CebuPhilippines
Da NangVietnam
Hai PhongVietnam
IloiloPhilippines
Ka-Ho, Macau (People's Republic of China)
Kemaman PortTerengganuMalaysia
Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon port), Vietnam
Port of Kaohsiung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
Kota Kinabalu, SabahMalaysia
Kuantan PortPahangMalaysia
Kuching PortSarawakMalaysia
Miri PortSarawakMalaysia
Rejang PortSarawakMalaysia
Bintulu PortSarawakMalaysia
Kwai Chung, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
Port of ManilaPhilippines
Muara PortBrunei
Puerto PrincesaPhilippines
Port of ShenzhenGuangdong, People's Republic of China
Subic BayPhilippines
Tuen Mun, Hong Kong People's Republic of China
Van PhongVietnam
Yantian, ShenzhenGuangdong, People's Republic of China
Zamboanga, Philippini
Pearl River / Zhujiang
Port of GuangzhouGuangdong, People's Republic of China
Tasman Sea
Botany Bay (Port Botany), New South WalesAustraliaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
NelsonNew Zealand
NewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
New PlymouthNew Zealand
Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour), New South WalesAustralia
Port KemblaNew South WalesAustralia
Yellow Sea
HaenamSouth Korea
Port of IncheonSouth Korea
Qingdao, People's Republic of China
Rizhao, People's Republic of China
Tianjin, People's Republic of China
Weihai, People's Republic of China

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